The WHO states that intimate partner violence and sexual violence are a major risk to women’s health (Krug et al, 2002; Homberg et al, 2008). IPV and sexual violence have manifold effects on women’s and their children’s health, on decisions and actions related to their health and on their health opportunities (Campbell, 2004; WHO 2013; Bott, 2012).

Somatic and psychosomatic consequences: in particular, bruises, fractures, facial and head injuries, burns, bites, abrasions, unexplained pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, heart- and circulatory problems.

Psychological consequences: in particular, nervousness, strain, weakness, problems sleeping, concentrating and eating, depression, anxiety and panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidality (Ellsberg M, 2008) and psychological dependence on the perpetrate.

Survival strategies harmful to health: in particular, smoking, use of alcohol and drugs, and drug dependence.

Reproductive health consequences: in particular, premature birth, miscarriage, complications during pregnancy and birth, low birth weight (Sarkar NN, 2008).

Overall women experiencing IPV or sexual violence report health problems more frequently and make more use of health care services. Compared to women who are not affected by IPV or sexual violence they seek medical help and require medical or surgical treatment more often.

Many women experiencing IPV or sexual violence do not seek support from the police or other organisations. Health care professionals are often the only professionals who have contact with survivors, who note and treat their injuries, health consequences and harmful health strategies.

Studies confirm unanimously that health care services are in an outstanding position to assist women who experience violence and seek help (FRA 2014, Gloor/Meier 2014, Homberg 2008, WHO 2013).

Health care providers are the most trusted professionals identified by survivors, amongst other things due to confidentiality (FRA 2014). Consequently, health care providers have a significant intervention and prevention role in IPV and sexual violence.

Systematic inclusion of IPV and sexual violence in the training of health care professionals and in their continuing education is recommended by the WHO (2013). It is vital for their ability to respond appropriately and sensitively to the needs of survivors and their children and to ensure the best possible care.

The map below shows, by EU member state, the percentage of women who answered ‘doctor, health centre or other health institution’ when asked about ‘contacting organisations and services as a result of the most serious incident of physical and or sexual violence by a partner since the age of 15’.

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